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The Terrorist Surveillance Program was an electronic surveillance program implemented by the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks. It was part of the President's Surveillance Program, which was in turn conducted under the overall umbrella of the War on Terrorism. The NSA, a signals intelligence agency, implemented the program to intercept al Qaeda communications overseas where at least one party is not a U.S. person. In 2005 ''The New York Times'' disclosed that technical glitches resulted in some of the intercepts including communications which were "purely domestic" in nature, igniting the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy. Later works, such as James Bamford's ''The Shadow Factory'', describe how the nature of the domestic surveillance was much, much more widespread than initially disclosed. In a 2011 ''New Yorker'' article, former NSA employee Bill Binney said that his colleagues told him that the NSA had begun storing billing and phone records from "everyone in the country."〔 The program was named the Terrorist Surveillance Program by the George W. Bush administration〔''Washington Post'': (Surveillance Net Yields Few Suspects. ) February 5, 2006.〕 in response to the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy following disclosure of the program. It is claimed that this program operated without the judicial oversight mandated by Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), and legal challenges to the program are currently undergoing judicial review. Because the technical specifics of the program have not been disclosed, it is unclear if the program is subject to FISA. It is unknown if this is the original name of the program; the term was first used publicly by President Bush in a speech on January 23, 2006.〔White House: . January 23, 2006.〕 On August 17, 2006, U.S. District Judge Anna Diggs Taylor ruled the program unconstitutional and illegal. On appeal, the decision was overturned on procedural grounds and the lawsuit was dismissed without addressing the merits of the claims, although one further challenge is still pending in the courts. On January 17, 2007, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales informed U.S. Senate leaders by letter that the program would not be reauthorized by the president, but would be subjected to judicial oversight. "Any electronic surveillance that was occurring as part of the Terrorist Surveillance Program will now be conducted subject to the approval of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court", according to his letter.〔(bad link as of Aug 19, 2007 )〕 On June 6, 2013, it was revealed that the Terrorist Surveillance Program was replaced by a new NSA program, referred to by its codeword, PRISM. Basaaly Saeed Moalin was charged in 2013 with giving material support to an al-Queda cell based in Somalia named al-Shabaab. The NSA discovered Moalin when his phone number was flagged with having contact with known terrorists overseas. They gave the information to the FBI who discovered that Moalin was providing money to fund extremist activities in Somalia. Khalid Ouazzani is another example. Ouazzani was charged with promising support to al-Queda and providing them with materials for their attacks against the United States. The NSA discovered Ouazzani by interrupting contact between Ouazzani, who was in the U.S., and an extremist in Yemen. Ouazzani was included in helping form a plot that was going to bomb then New York Stock Exchange. Another threat that the NSA helped prevent involved David Headley, a United States citizen living in Chicago. He was eventually convicted on charges of terrorism, in which he later admitted to being involved. Headley was involved in an attack in Mumbai that killed 160 people. The NSA became aware of him when they intercepted communications by him planning an attack on a Danish newspaper. ==Description== While no specific information has been offered, the Bush Administration has indicated that the wiretapping program targets communications where at least one party is outside the United States, and where it asserts that there are reasonable grounds to believe that one or more parties involved in the communication have ties to al Qaeda. However, anonymous sources have come forward stating a small number of instances where purely domestic calls were intercepted. These sources said the NSA accidentally intercepted these calls, apparently caused by technical glitches in determining whether a communication was in fact "international", probably due to the use of international cell phones.〔 The complete details of the program are not known, as the Bush Administration contended that security concerns did not allow it to release details, and limit judicial authorization and review. Implemented sometime after the September 11, 2001, attacks, the existence of the program was not made public until a 2005 ''New York Times'' article. Additional details came to light in a May 2006 ''USA Today'' article. President Bush stated that he had reviewed and reauthorized the program approximately every 45 days since it was implemented. The leadership of the intelligence committees of the House or Representatives and Senate were briefed a number of times since initiation of the program.〔(Statement of Hon. Alberto R. Gonzales, attorney general, February 6, 2006 )〕 They were not, however, allowed to make notes or confer with others to determine the legal ramifications, or even to mention the existence of the program to the full membership of the intelligence committees. Further, the administration even refused to identify to the public which members of the committees were briefed; it has, however, provided a complete list of these members to the Senate Intelligence Committee.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=David Corn )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「terrorist surveillance program」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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